Gaslighting
A form of psychological manipulation in which someone causes another person to question their own perception, memory, or sanity.
What Is Gaslighting?
Gaslighting is a deliberate pattern of manipulation where one person systematically undermines another's trust in their own experience. The term comes from the 1944 film Gaslight, in which a husband dims the gas lights in their home and then denies that anything has changed, making his wife believe she is losing her mind. In real life, gaslighting can be equally subtle and equally damaging.
Common gaslighting tactics include flatly denying events that happened, trivializing the other person's feelings, shifting blame, and rewriting shared history. Over time, the target begins to doubt their own judgment, becoming increasingly dependent on the gaslighter's version of reality.
Where Gaslighting Occurs
While gaslighting is most commonly discussed in the context of romantic relationships, it can happen in any power dynamic. Parents can gaslight children, bosses can gaslight employees, and friends can gaslight each other. The common thread is an imbalance of power and a pattern of reality distortion that serves the manipulator's interests.
Gaslighting is particularly insidious because it erodes the very faculty you need to recognize it: your confidence in your own perception. This is why many people who experience gaslighting do not realize what is happening until they are deeply entangled in the dynamic.
Reclaiming Your Reality
Recovery from gaslighting begins with external validation. Talking to trusted friends, family members, or a therapist can help you rebuild confidence in your own perceptions. Keeping a journal of events as they happen provides a concrete record that is harder to second-guess. Setting firm boundaries with the gaslighter, or ending the relationship entirely, is often necessary for full recovery. The most important step is learning to trust yourself again.
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